مكونات الرسالة

رسالة البحثية العلمية وترتيبها المدرج على اليمين هو المتعارف عليه ولكن قد توجد فوارق بسيطة بين مؤسسة تعليمية وأخرى أو  بين مشرف وآخر ولذلك وجب التأكد من ذلك وأذكر بالذات صفحة أو صفحات الإعتماد وأية صفحات إدارية أخرى

الملخص باللغة الإنجليزية ينطبق فقط الرسائل الكتوبة باللغة الإنجليزية

يجوز كتابة فصل لنتائج البحث وآخر لمناقشة النتائج ويجوز كذلك دمجهما في باب واحد. عادة يترك هذا لاختيار الطالب وإن كان الأمر كذلك فدمجهما قد يسهّل الكتابة لأن كتابتهما بشكل منفصل يحتاج لاختيار النتائج التي ستسرد باختصار أو يشار إليها في مناقشة النتائج. بعض الطلبة وبعض الباحثين المبتدئين قد يجدون صعوبة أو قد يخطئون في الإختيار أو يسردون تفاصيل النتائج بتوسع في مناقشة النتائج

تنسيق الرسالة

المقصود بتنسيق الرسالة نوع وحجم الخط وترقيم الصفحات  والأشكال والجداول ومسافات الهوامش واستعمال الخط المئل والخط الثقيل وغير ذلك
المفترض أن يكون لكل كلية تنسيق محدد منشور بوضوح على موقع المؤسسة. سب ذكر تنسيق حسب الكلية يرجع إلى أن بعض التخصصات لها متطلبات مختلفة. وفي وجهة نظري الوقت ليس ملائم لوضع تفاصيل متشددة حتى تصبح مناهج الدراسات الجامعية والعليا تغطي احتياجات الطالب للتدريب على الكتابة في مختلف المواد الدراسية

جانب مهم من التنسيق هو تنسيق المراجع، وسأتطرق لذلك عند الحديث عن المراجع

هذه الدورة تبدأ بالمقدمة وتنتهي بالمراج

تستعرض الوضع الحالي لمشكلة البحث متدرجة نحو الفجوة البحثية التي تسعى الدراسة لسدها

تذكر هدف الحث في جملة إلى ثلاثة جمل

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge to public health worldwide. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that approximately 9.6 million people developed TB globally and about 480,000 were infected with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) strains. MDR-TB is a form of TB with in-vitro resistance to the two most potent anti-TB drugs, isoniazid, and rifampicin, with or without resistance to any other drugs [1]. Inadequate use of anti-TB drugs favours the emergence of drug resistance, which may then be transmitted to others. MDR-TB patients require a treatment which commonly lasts at least 20 months and employs drugs that are difficult to procure and more toxic and expensive than those used to treat drug-susceptible TB [2,3,4].

Resistance to anti-TB drugs is considered an emerging problem in Papua New Guinea (PNG), but a reliable estimate of the prevalence of MDR-TB in the country is not available. Studies performed by the Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory (QMRL) on isolates from patients of the South Fly District (Western Province) seeking cross border care in Australia suggest high rates of MDR-TB: Gilpin et al.[5] reported 25% of MDR-TB in new cases and Simpson et al. [6] reported a similar finding (26%). Data from the PNG Institute of Medical Research (Ballif, Harino et al.) [7] reported 5.2% of MDR-TB in a cohort of TB patients from Madang PNG, the majority of whom were new cases. A study from Kikori in Gulf Province of PNG reported 9% (3 of 32 TB cases) of rifampicin resistant cases among TB patients (Cross, Coles et al.) [8] and another one reported MDR-TB in 2.8% of all cases tested in three sites (Ley, Harino et al) [9]. These studies were small in nature and not designed to obtain population-representative data, therefore a large representative survey was needed to determine the real burden of anti-TB drug resistance in PNG.

The survey aimed to provide to the national TB control programme (NTP) and its partners reliable information on the prevalence and risk factors for MDR-TB in the country to better target prevention and control efforts. The findings of this study are relevant beyond the country’s borders as these add to the current knowledge about the burden of MDR-TB in the region.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge to public health worldwide. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that approximately 9.6 million people developed TB globally and about 480,000 were infected with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) strains. MDR-TB is a form of TB with in-vitro resistance to the two most potent anti-TB drugs, isoniazid, and rifampicin, with or without resistance to any other drugs [1]. Inadequate use of anti-TB drugs favours the emergence of drug resistance, which may then be transmitted to others. MDR-TB patients require a treatment which commonly lasts at least 20 months and employs drugs that are difficult to procure and more toxic and expensive than those used to treat drug-susceptible TB [2,3,4].

Resistance to anti-TB drugs is considered an emerging problem in Papua New Guinea (PNG), but a reliable estimate of the prevalence of MDR-TB in the country is not available. Studies performed by the Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory (QMRL) on isolates from patients of the South Fly District (Western Province) seeking cross border care in Australia suggest high rates of MDR-TB: Gilpin et al.[5] reported 25% of MDR-TB in new cases and Simpson et al. [6] reported a similar finding (26%). Data from the PNG Institute of Medical Research (Ballif, Harino et al.) [7] reported 5.2% of MDR-TB in a cohort of TB patients from Madang PNG, the majority of whom were new cases. A study from Kikori in Gulf Province of PNG reported 9% (3 of 32 TB cases) of rifampicin resistant cases among TB patients (Cross, Coles et al.) [8] and another one reported MDR-TB in 2.8% of all cases tested in three sites (Ley, Harino et al) [9]. These studies were small in nature and not designed to obtain population-representative data, therefore a large representative survey was needed to determine the real burden of anti-TB drug resistance in PNG.

The survey aimed to provide to the national TB control programme (NTP) and its partners reliable information on the prevalence and risk factors for MDR-TB in the country to better target prevention and control efforts. The findings of this study are relevant beyond the country’s borders as these add to the current knowledge about the burden of MDR-TB in the region.

أختر على الأقل ثلاثة من المقدمات المنشور الموجودة على اليمين

حملها وقم بتحليلها كما ورد في المخاضرة والأمثلة

فكر في الطريقة التي اتبعها الباحثون في تبرير دراستهم